The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI
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As If Human
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A new approach to the challenges surrounding artificial intelligence that argues for assessing AI actions as if they came from a human being Every day we are confronted with ethical challenges arising from machine-mediated decision-making. Is the facial recognition software used by an agency fair? When algorithms determine questions of justice, finance, health, and defense, are the decisions proportionate, equitable, transparent, and accountable? How do we harness technology to empower rather than oppress? Nigel Shadbolt and Roger Hampson argue that we can avert a disastrous and amoral future by assessing artificial-intelligence decisions, products, and calls for action as if they came from a human being. The authors go beyond the headlines about rampant robots to apply established moral principles, setting out seven "proverbs" for shaping this future: * A thing should say what it is and be what it says. * Artificial intelligences should show respect for human beings. * Artificial intelligences are ethical only if they embody the best human values. * Artificial intelligences should be transparent and accountable to humans. * Humans have a right to be judged by humans if they so wish. * Decisions that affect a lot of humans should involve a lot of humans. * The future of humanity must not be decided in private by vested interests.
The Human Imperative: Power, Freedom and Democracy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
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This important new book is about power in the age of Artificial Intelligence. It looks at what the new technical powers that have accrued over the last decades mean for the freedom of people and for our democracies. AI must not be considered in isolation, but rather in a very specific context; the concentration of economic and digital-technological power that we see today. Analysis of the effects of AI requires that we take a holistic view of the business models of digital technologies, and of the power they exercise. Technology, economic power, and political power are entering into ever closer symbiosis. Digital technologies and their corporate masters now know more than people know about themselves, or governments know about the world. These technologies accumulate more and more decision-making powers. Taken together this leads to a massive asymmetry of knowledge and power in the relationship between man and machine. The classical models of action and decision-making in democratic societies are being gradually undermined by such developments. In a new way, the question of the control of technical power arises. This is the first book to look in detail in a holistic way at the challenges of digital power and Artificial Intelligence to Democracy and Liberties, and to set out what can and needs to be done about these challenges in terms of engineering ethics, and democratic action of policy making and legislation. Key audiences are scholars in media sciences, political sciences, computer sciences and engineering, law and philosophy as well as policy makers, corporate and civil society leaders and the educated public.
AI Morality
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The Artificial Intelligence revolution is upon us—AI has begun to penetrate almost every sphere of human activity, from the economy to law, health, transport, education, defence, media/communication, sport, and leisure. This edited book of twenty specially commissioned chapters examines some of the key moral dilemmas that AI poses—including those around privacy, bias, transparency, accountability, and autonomy. The short chapters are rich with both real and hypothetical examples—and written in a style that will be accessible to all.
The Artifice of Intelligence: Divine and Human Relationship in a Robotic Age
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AI is becoming ubiquitous. Whatever its arrival portends for our future, whether riches or ruin, it cannot be avoided. The Artifice of Intelligenceexplores two questions at the heart of a theological response to AI. Is it possible for human beings to have authentic relationships with an AI? How does the increasing presence of AI change the way humans relate to one another? In pursuing answers to these questions, Herzfeld explores what it means to be created in the image of God and to create AI in our own image. It utilizes and expands Karl Barth's relational understanding of the imago Deito examine humanity's relationship both with AI and, through it, with one another. Barth's injunctions--look the other in the eye (embodiment), speak to and hear the other (communication), aid the other (agency), and do it gladly (emotion)--provide the basis for the main chapters, each of which concludes with a case study of a current AI application that exemplifies the difficulties AI introduces into human relationality. The Artifice of Intelligenceconcludes with an examination of the incarnation, one that points toward the centrality of embodiment for full relationality.
